Tag Archive for: physical therapist

The Week in Research Review, etc 10-8-18

Hey all, the Week in Research Review, etc 10-8-18 has some great articles that really got some good discussion going. I highly recommend reading each post and chiming in. Looking forward to the new comments and discussions!

  1. PT Continuity of care
  2. Fatigue effects on ACL tears
  3. Measuring IR in a baseball pitcher
  4. Lever sign to diagnose an ACL tear
  5. Immediate or delayed ROM after a rotator cuff repair

 

Longitudinal continuity of care is associated with high patient satisfaction with physical therapy. Beattie et al Phys Ther 2005.

I saw a FB post the other day and it reminded me of a study that I had seen about continuity of care and physical therapy.⠀

This study looked to provide ‘preliminary information regarding the association between longitudinal continuity and reports of patient satisfaction with physical therapy outpatient care.’

What they showed was “Subjects who received their entire course of outpatient physical therapy from only 1 provider were approximately 3x more likely to report complete satisfaction with care than those who received care from more than 1 provider.”

All too often, I hear my current clients talk about their past PT sessions and often complain about seeing a tech/aide or a different PT for each session.

I always thought that was such a wrong concept for the client. Throughout my career, I have strived to connect with each client in an attempt to help them overcome an injury.

We did this at @championsportsm in Birmingham and we do it now in Boston at @championptp.

It is such a game changer for the client when they have complete faith in their treatment, can connect with their PT and their PT can connect with them.

Just my little soapbox rant on continuity of care. Are you able to maintain a good continuity of care with your patients or are you constantly sharing and/or just doing evals?

Tag a friend or colleague who may benefit from this post…thanks!⠀


 

Fatigue affects quality of movement more in ACL-reconstructed soccer players than in healthy soccer players. van Melick et al Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 2018.

This study looked at the influence of neuromuscular fatigue on both movement quantity and quality in fully-rehabilitated soccer players after ACLR and to compare them with healthy soccer players.

They showed ACL-reconstructed soccer players had a significantly decreased performance when comparing the non-fatigued with the fatigued state.

For movement quantity, they used a single-leg vertical jump, a single-leg hop for distance, and a single-leg side hop.

For movement quality, they used a double-leg countermovement jump with frontal and sagittal plane video analyses. The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) scale was used to measure fatigue after a soccer-specific field training session. In addition to soccer-specific drills, exercises focussing on speed, stability, and coordination were included in this session.

Seems like a pretty neat study that may help to show us that the fatigued state influences quality of movements and not the quantity of movements. I know Tim Hewett has said that there’s no evidence that fatigue influences ACL tears but maybe this study is the 1st step.

Do you agree with this study? Anecdotally it makes sense but there’s little evidence to support the notions.⠀


Measuring internal rotation in the baseball player

If you treat baseball pitchers, then you should have a good understanding of how to measure internal rotation of the shoulder joint.

Measuring internal rotation of the shoulder is one part of the equation when obtaining total rotational range of motion (TROM). Total rotational range motion is the sum of external rotation plus internal rotation. I use this equation weekly, if not daily when assessing my baseball players’ shoulders.

In a study in 2009 Sports Health Journal titled “Glenohumeral internal rotation measurements differ depending on stabilization techniques”, we looked at 3 different ways to measure IR. We determined that the scapula stabilized method had the best intra-rater reliability.

We also felt this was the best method to measure pure internal rotation of the glenohumeral joint.

Is this how you measure IR in your baseball pitchers? Do you consider TROM when making treatment recommendations?

Let’s talk it out and discuss the concept of TROM and how to measure it.


 

Accuracy of the Lever Sign to Diagnose Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Reiman et al IJSPT Oct 2018

This study was a systematic review with meta-analysis that hoped to summarize the diagnostic accuracy of the Lever sign for use during assessment of the knee for an ACL tear.

They showed that based on limited evidence, the Lever sign can moderately change posttest probability to rule in an ACL tear.

I’m a bit surprised by the limited studies because I’ve had a more difficult time getting consistent results compared to the Lachmans test (definitely my go-to!).

For those not familiar with the Lever test, it was 1st published by Dr Lelli in Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2016.

From the review, ‘The test requires the evaluator to place their fist under the calf muscle to create a “fulcrum” extending the knee while applying a moderate downward force to the distal part of the femur.

In an intact knee, the ACL completes a lever mechanism, making the heel rise in response to the force applied to the femur. In an ACL-deficient knee, the heel does not rise indicating a positive Lever sign.’ I have personally struggled to get consistent accuracy using the test. My results have been inconsistent with MRI results.

I’ve also struggled to do the test on a plinth that has padding and often have patients lie on a firm surface like the floor (which is very weird) in order to get a better test result.

Some people are freaked out by the method of the test. The clinician has to apply force to the knee in order to create the fulcrum. Many have not liked that force applied to the knee.

In general, this is not my go-to for a suspicious ACL tear. I have tried and still ty to use it but my results have been less than stellar.

Have you used this test for an ACL tear? Do you like it to supplement your Lachmans?


 

Should we delay PROM after a rotator cuff repair?

It seems as if we’re all over the place, which usually says the research is not cut and dry. There are so many factors that are considered when trying to figure out the best time to initiate motion.

I’m not talking active ROM or strengthening…I”m talking about passive ROM by a rehab specialist like a #PT#OTor #ATC. Obviously, the docs weigh in heavily with this decision. I feel as if patients are restricted for the wrong reasons and could potentially begin PT earlier than we often see.

This is going to be a beast of a blog post and may alter my thinking, we’ll see.

As of now, I fully embrace immediate PROM for most post-op rotator cuff repairs, including Large and Massive repairs.

For revisions, we may need to think it through but I still feel as if most benefit from early PROM. We did it for years and with very good results during my time in Birmingham but feel as if maybe the pendulum is swinging in the conservative direction (for the wrong reasons).

What do you guys do? Do you have any input with your docs and can influence their rehab decisions? Let’s talk it out now and get prepped for my blog release in the coming days, weeks, months…whenever I can make it the best!⠀


 

Documenting Knee Extension Range of Motion

I’ve talked a lot about the importance of regaining knee extension range of motion (ROM) after a knee injury or surgery. In this post, I want to talk about how exactly I believe we should be documenting knee extension range of motion.

I think it’s important because I hear many other medical professionals and students document differently. Hope this post clears the air and gets everyone on the same page.

Knee Extension after ACL

I’ve written about getting knee extension back after an ACL and how to figure out if it was a cyclops lesion or not. You can read this recent post if you like..it should help you gather more information on diagnosis and treatment of a cyclops lesion.

Therefore, I can’t stress the importance of obtaining not just knee extension, but symmetrical hyperextension after a knee injury or surgery.

With that, I feel as if many practitioners are all over the place with their documentation. This makes it difficult to communicate with each other and with the patients.

Documenting Knee Extension Range of Motion

In this video, I discuss the rationale for how I document knee hyperextension. I think it;’s important that we’re all on the same page to avoid confusion.

 

Does this make sense to you? Is this how you document knee hyperextension?

Let’s discuss in the comments section or on social media. You can find me on Twitter or Instagram @lenmacPT.


If you want to learn more about how I treat ACL’s or the knee in general, then you can check out our all online knee seminar at www.onlinekneeseminar.com and let me know what you think.

We cover the anatomy, rehab prescription, ACL, meniscal injuries knee replacements and patellofemoral issues. Furthermore, the course covers both the non-operative and post-operative treatment.t

This is an awesome course if you’re interested in learning more about rehabilitating the knee joint. And if you’re a PT, there’s a good chance you can get CEU’s as well.

The Week in Research Review, etc 7-22-18

The Week in Research Review, etc 7-22-18

I’m trying out this new concept of publishing my social media posts into a nice package for a weekly delivery to my subscribers.

  1. Knee Case Study
  2. Contralateral ACL Strengthening
  3. Shoulder Static Stabilizers
  4. Weighted Ball Research
  5. Glute Activation


This kid came to me the other day with L knee swelling after sliding headfirst into 2nd base during a baseball game.⠀

Continued to play in the game and even pitched the next day, all without pain or loss of motion.⠀

As you can see from the video, he has a bunch of fluid in his knee, medial ecchymosis (bruising) but full pain-free ROM.

Ligamentous tests appear negative and he has absolutely no pain or stiffness with anything.

I took this video to show what appears to be a bursal sac disruption from the impact of his knee into the ground as he was sliding.

The mechanism fits the presentation and clinical exam.

I advised him to monitor his swelling, wear a knee sleeve and continue his activities per his tolerance.

He is going to touch base with me next week to make sure the fluid is dissipating (and not worsening) and he remains asymptomatic.

What do you think? Am I missing anything? What’s your diagnosis? Tag a friend who may be interested in this case.

Cross-education improves quadriceps strength recovery after ACL reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial. Harput et al Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2018

This study looked at a group of ACL reconstructed patients that were divided into 3 groups.

All 3 groups performed the same standardized ACL rehab, but one group was the control group that performed the standardized rehab only.

The other 2 groups did either 3x per week extra concentric knee extensions on their uninjured leg for 2 months (beginning at 1-month post-op through 3-months post-op) or additional eccentric knee extensions on their uninjured leg 3x per week for 2 months between months 1-3 post-op.
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They found that the quads strength for the concentric group was 28% greater compared to the control group. 💪🏼
The eccentric group was 31% greater when compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Concentric and eccentric quadriceps strengthening of healthy limbs in early phases of ACL rehabilitation improved post-surgical quadriceps strength recovery of the reconstructed limb.

Pretty crazy stuff and one more reason to work on bilateral strengthening with most of our patients, especially when they’re post-op ACL reconstruction.

Do you work on bilateral strengthening? if not, why? If you do, what other studies have you seen that show similar results?
Tag a friend who may benefit from this study or let’s discuss in the comments section!

This picture shows a simplified view of the static stabilizers of the shoulder joint. I highly recommend reading a classic paper by Wilk et al 1997 JOSPT that talks about this and cites a paper from Bowen et al Clin Sports Med 1991 @wilk_kevin

When one is picturing these stabilizers, the superior glenohumeral ligament (SGHL) is most taut when the shoulder is externally rotated at 0 degrees of abduction.

As we progress to 45 degrees of GH abduction, we stress the middle glenohumeral ligament (MGHL) as we externally rotate the humerus.

Finally, at 90 degrees of GH abduction, we stress the inferior glenohumeral ligament (IGHL) as we externally rotate. More specifically, the anterior band of the IGHL.

As we internally rotate at 90 degrees of abduction, we stress the posterior band of the IGHL.

These concepts have rehab implications and should be kept in mind when we’re rehabbing people after an injury or surgery.

For example, if someone has an anterior Bankart lesion (front labral repair), then we need to progress them slowly into external rotation, especially at 45 and 90 degrees of abduction.

Another example would be a rotator cuff repair, like the supraspinatus. We would want to progress them slowly at lower degrees of abduction 0-45 degrees but maybe we can progress them a bit quicker at 90 degrees of abduction.

Hope these concepts make sense because they are very important to understand for many patients with shoulder injuries.

Does this make sense? Have you heard this info before? Tag a friend who may benefit from this post!

Effect of a 6-Week Weighted Baseball Throwing Program on Pitch Velocity, Pitching Arm Biomechanics, Passive Range of Motion, and Injury Rates. Reinold et al Sports Health Jul-Aug 2018. @mikereinold

Our 1st of potentially 3 research articles looking at the effects of weighted balls on youth baseball pitchers.

High school baseball pitchers performed a 6-week weighted ball training program.

Players gradually ramped up over the 6 weeks to include kneeling, rocker, and run-and-gun throws with balls ranging from 2oz to 32 oz.

🤔After 6 weeks, the weighted ball group did increase velocity by 3.3%, 8% showed no change, and 12% demonstrated a decrease in pitch velocity. Also of note, 67% of the control group also showed an increase in pitch velocity.⠀

The weighted ball group had a 24% injury rate although half of the injuries occurred during the study, and the other half occurred the next season. There were no injuries observed in the control group during the study period or in the following season.

The weighted ball group showed almost a 5-degree increase in passive shoulder external rotation, also known biomechanically as the late cocking position or layback position.

There were no statistically significant differences between pre- and post-testing valgus stress or angular velocity in either group.

✅Our conclusion: Although weighted-ball training may increase pitch velocity, caution is warranted because of the notable increase in injuries and physical changes observed in this cohort.

Some great Glute 🍑thoughts buy the @theprehabguys. Check out their videos and content for some great ideas that you can add to your practice!⠀
👇🏼⠀
___________________________________________________________________⠀
Episode 705: “Hip Prep for Glute Activation”⠀
.⠀
Tag a friend looking for a glute🍑 killer!⠀
Hip prep is a series of 6 exercises I’ve adopted from my girlfriend @smenzz and her clinic @eliteorthosport. I use it with my patients to prime the glutes and lower body in general before getting into more dynamic and plyometric activities. I will make the statement right now: if done RIGHT, it’s an absolute glute killer & I promise you that you will feel your glutes!⠀
.⠀
I like these 6 exercises in particular for a variety of reasons.⠀
✅They challenge the glutes in all 3 planes of motion.⠀
✅They hit all types of muscle contractions: isometric, concentric, and eccentric⠀
✅They are performed upright in a functional position⠀
✅There is a variety of double leg, single leg, and split stance variations⠀
✅They train proper lower extremity alignment in a variety of hip and trunk flexed/neutral/extended positions⠀
.⠀
The 6 exercises are:⠀
1️⃣3 way clams: 5 per leg per position⠀
2️⃣Side steps: Alternating steps to the left and right starting with 1 step all the way to 5 steps⠀
3️⃣Monster Walks: 10 steps forward, 10 steps backwards⠀
4️⃣W’s: 10 steps to the left, 10 steps to the right⠀
5️⃣Squats: 10 squats⠀
6️⃣Single leg fire hydrants: 30s per side⠀
.⠀
💡Understand that you first need to teach these exercises in isolation first, before throwing someone all 6 at once⠀
.⠀
Have fun!⠀


Hope this helps you keep up to date and fulfill my goal of this website…simplify the literature and bring great content to you so you can apply it 1st thing Monday morning! Happy Reading! 👊🏼

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The Evolution of a Physical Therapist

I’ve been a practicing Physical Therapist since 2003. I’ve observed a lot, talked to a bunch and read a lot. By all means, I am no expert! The evolution and growth of a physical therapist can take many roads.

I am always learning and listening but at times I do become complacent (that’s human nature). I’d be the 1st to admit that. I sometimes get stuck in my ways despite what others are saying in the literature or on social media.

I think that’s the great thing about social media…it keeps me listening. It has helped me to evolve and keep me on my game.

Ultimately, what has kept me on my game has been my desire to give my patients the best care that I can give them. I would expect the same from my own personal healthcare provider (I have a PCP, dermatologist, and a rheumatologist).

We have a responsibility to be the best for our patients. There are a lot of people chirping their opinions all over the place s I wanted to take this time to reflect on how I’ve seen many PT’s grow.

I’ve always wanted to write this post but I was inspired by my friend and co-owner of Champion Physical Therapy Mike Reinold when he posted this graphic on his Instagram feed.

I’d like to briefly chat about the evolution of a physical therapist through my eyes.

There seems to be a general development that occurs in the PT world- most are good but I’m beginning to see a side that is a bit disheartening. Maybe it’s a social media thing but I think we need to take a step back and re-evaluate for a second.

We’re always looking for a protocol to guide our patients. Here’s my attempt at the phases of a PT…Hope you enjoy (some of it is tongue-in-cheek so don’t get all crazy on me!)

The New Grad DPT student

This is the hungry, newly crowned physical therapist looking to break into the profession. Their eyes finally on the prize but probably scared to death (I hyperbolize). No more clinical instructors to guide you. No more reliance on someone else to lead the way. The plan of care is all yours!

Looking at your schedule for the next day or week, you may see that eval that worries you. Someone on the schedule with a diagnosis of “LBP” or a post-op ACL.

It was easier to treat these when your CI called the shots and you could observe, help and chime in with your thoughts and treatments. Accountability was minimal but the rewards seemed grandiose when the patient emerged with better function.

  • When is it safe to push an ACL?
  • How fast should one start strengthening after a rotator cuff repair?
  • When is it safe to start a throwing program after a Tommy John surgery?
  • What do you tell the patient when they come in with their 1st episode of acute low back pain and how do you treat it?

These are just a few of the challenges a new grad has to face.

Insurances are daunting. People can be daunting. You greatly influence the functional outcomes of that person sitting in front of you. Your words and actions matter but you don’t know that yet.

I often compare this stage to a new NFL quarterback who struggles to read defenses and rushes the ball when he throws…oftentimes to a defensive back waiting for an easy interception. He wasn’t anticipating that defense and got nervous. The game was moving too quickly and he can’t keep up with the schemes.

This is the new grad, a simplified version, but one that tries to do a lot but has minimal experiences and abilities to “read the defense.” The game is moving quickly and your decisions often come with little confidence.

But don’t worry, the game will slow down a bit.

2-5 years out and Feeling Confident

At this point, you’ve seen a bunch. You better understand the complexities of people, the medical system and how to kinda manipulate your way through. You realize that you can do it but your school studying was only a small prep for reality.

You’re motivated, finding your groove and beginning to get comfortable. There are still some questions but you don’t have to rely on the other PT’s in your group to help with progressions.

Pubmed has hopefully become your greatest ally, hopefully.

Although I do run into many that rely on Facebook and Twitter for their ‘research’. There’s always a post looking for advice on progressing a meniscus repair or return to a sport after an ACL.

I’ll often direct them to PubMed because just feeding people research is not helping them in the long run. They need to know where to find the information and learn how to interpret it.

The game is slowing down and your confidence is growing. Some even think they’re super-confident and try to ‘take on the world’. They are the ones out on social media leading the charge for change. A revolution of sorts…that their way is better than what has been done the past 5, 10, 20, 40 years!

They’re seeing their practice through rosy glasses with blinders. Blind to the fact that there are many before them who equally tried to champion a cause only to find out there’s more to it. The journey, although it seems triumphant and vigilant, falls short.

There will always be a new treatment technique, new modality a new system that is promising better outcomes. Your words, although seemingly loud, fall on so many deaf ears because the ship is going to steer itself. You’ve tried to lead the charge only to learn that the profession of PT is bigger than you.

You can only control what happens within your practice, or the few people that follow you on Instagram.  Although those ‘followers’ are often bots of some sort, pretending to like your content.

It’s a strange world out there, your words are seemingly wise, but there are so many out there shouting similar words that it gets drowned out. You think your experiences, although limited in the grand scheme of things, should guide your practice and the people that ‘follow’ you.

This, my friend, is where you’ve gone wrong. You have a ways to go. In fact, you’ll never get there. You’ll realize that each day presents a new challenge that doesn’t fall into a predefined mental algorithm.

When you have this revelation, then I think you’re ready to explore the next phase of your growth curve.

5+ years- beyond

The chart above calls you an expert but I’m not 100% a fan of this. No one in our field is truly an expert because there are challenges way above anything we could ever control.

Each personality that enters into our facilities presents with life stories that have shaped their pain, their expectations, and their outcomes.

But you know what, it’s at this stage that you realize that you are only a small piece of the puzzle. You can only help guide the process based on your plethora of experiences.

You’ve stayed on top of the literature and have altered how you practice. You no longer think that your way is the best but have dabbled in many other systems and taken a bit from all of them. Your way is NOT the best way.

You also have come to realize that there are always outliers out there. You know the ones that think the extreme positions are the best for all patients.

For example, there’s a huge social media push that says “manual therapy sucks”. No one should use manual therapy and you’re only wasting your time.

The flip side arguments say that there are many people that have a shifted inominate (whatever the hell that means) or a rib that is out of place. That therapist has been pounding on that pelvis or relocating that rib 1x per week for 52 weeks and has that patient convinced that they need more visits.

These are the outlier PT’s (I’m not speaking for other professions so don’t try to sucker me in) that are loud on social media but don’t necessarily represent the majority.

You see, the majority are trying to do it correctly (at least I think they are). The young PT that is 2-5 years out only sees those outliers as a challenge to his/her practice and is trying to yell at them. When in reality, you’re speaking to the minority, the group that barely exists.

You should be speaking to everyone else. The ones on social media that have taken a middle-of-the-road approach. They are doing their best, are on facebook looking for advice and busting their butts in the clinic.

They are limited by resources, time and updated knowledge. These are the people hungry to learn but are stuck somewhere in the 3 categories above.

These therapists are the ones you should be trying to chat with. You recognize that your vast experiences can help them.

It’s when you have this breakthrough that I think you’re ready to enter that last growth phase. You’re confident in your practice and willing to share. You speak to other groups, you publish clinical research, and you review research papers for journals.

To me, this is the utmost level and should be where most of the PT’s strive to get. Your knowledge continues to grow as you read. Each patient experience and interaction is another mental data point that sharpens your practice. These data points will blend in with your research readings and produce a so-called ‘expert’.

I invite you to challenge yourself by aligning with a clinician or group that produces clinical research, reviews journals and stays on top of the literature. Until then, don’t talk the talk unless you can walk the walk.

Some will think I’m being harsh, but I think you’ll have the realization, like I did back in the day, that our PT profession is bigger than us. Control what you can control and keep the ultimate goal in mind- THE PRIORITY IS TO GIVE THE BEST CARE FOR OUR PATIENTS, ALWAYS!

I’ve written about this before…about empowering the patient and keeping them in the driver’s seat. Check it out here.

I’d love to hear your comments. Please share with your friends, new grads and experienced PT’s. Social media has given many a voice but the loudest voices are not always the wisest voices!